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Claims Inflation Update

Continuing cost impact of changing world conditions


Inflation | Labour Costs & Shortages | Material Costs


August 2023


Please note: this discussion paper is provided for general informational purposes only and should not be construed as formal advice of any nature. All data within should be considered approximate and indicative only.


www.crawco.com.au

Crawford is pleased to share with you our latest claims inflation paper providing further insight into the costs that continue to impact the construction sector.

As a provider of over half a million repairs globally, Crawford Contractor Connection has experienced first-hand the material and labour challenges facing the market.

While there are green shoots of improvement with inflation predicted to decline in the near future, costs remain significantly higher than 24 months ago.

In this paper we outline the key components contributing to the current cost challenges, including invaluable feedback from our Contractor Connection Managed Repair Panel of builders and suppliers. Plus, for insurers, brokers and underwriters, we share proactive steps that can be taken to manage the impact of claims inflation more effectively.

We hope you find this digital paper informative.

2022 was a perfect storm for rising claims costs ...

... and not much has changed throughout 2023!


A convergence of economic, social and geopolitical factors - in addition to losses related to social inflation, natural catastrophes and Covid-19 - claims inflation catapulted to unprecedented levels in 2022. With many claims taking longer to resolve and the cost of reinstatement often significantly higher than insured values, serious challenges continue to be present for both insurers and policyholders.

Why did claims costs start rising so rapidly in the first place?

Claims costs began rising for a combination of reasons, many of them interlinked. Port closures and restrictions on the movement of goods and people during the pandemic limited the supply of goods, labour and components, slowing global production and driving up the price of essential commodities, materials and parts.

The war in Ukraine, including sanctions on Russia, exacerbated many of these problems and triggered further sharp rises in energy and commodity prices.

Additional global factors, from Brexit in the UK to climate change, are also continuing to drive cost inflation. Extreme weather events in recent times, such as the 2022 Australian floods, and also flooding events in Pakistan, droughts in Canada and South America, and several Hurricanes in the US, have added to the scarcity of goods and materials, driving up prices.

Rising energy, transportation, and goods costs, combined with labour shortages, rising rents and increased borrowing costs, all contributed to a rise in the cost of doing business.

The result was a perfect storm for claims inflation in multiple classes of business.

In property, claims costs have been inflating and indemnity periods extended due to dramatic rises in the cost of materials, global supply issues and labour shortages. This coincided with an uptick in demand in markets like the US and UK, where there has been a boom in demand for homebuilding and renovations post-pandemic. Meantime, delays caused by labour and supply shortages have extended business interruption claim periods.

In motor, there was a time of challenge obtaining specific parts, components, and skilled labour, particularly for electric vehicle repairs. The rising cost of vehicle repairs for insurers continues to be exacerbated by the increasingly sophisticated technology in modern cars, while personal injury pay outs are also rising in severity.

This is linked to social inflation, which has already caused claim costs to sky-rocket in various casualty classes including D&O. Professional lines like cyber are also seeing significant claims inflation due to the increasing frequency and severity of cyber-attacks as well as new and emerging exposures due to geopolitical instability.

A further factor affecting insurance market dynamics is the growing risk of under-insurance on the part of policyholders due to coverage being purchased based on outdated asset valuations which do not factor in the impact of inflation.

In addition to common factors such as rising energy and fuel prices, supply chain disruption and labour shortages, inflation drivers certainly vary by market and region.

Building Cost Index outstrips CPI


According to the Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (AIQS), the Building Cost Index continues to outstrip the general Consumer Price Index (CPI) and this trend is forecast to continue.

Crawford Australia has previously commented on the challenges facing the Building and Construction industry (see relevant Insights Paper here) and while there has been some easing to a number of key supply chain issues around materials mentioned in that Paper, the same cannot be said for labour costs.
This appears to be driven by overall inflation and coupled with the supply and demand challenges we had previously cited.

Building Cost Trends around Australia

The ACT has historically been the highest cost arena thanks to a range of factors.  Capacity of industry vs demand, freight costs for the majority of materials and general labour costs are some of the key challenges. 
The same issues prevail in a number of inland regional areas where there are general shortages of qualified labour and additional supply chain costs.

In Queensland, the rate of increase is historically similar to other states, however earlier this year it broke from the pack with the issue being exacerbated by the general boom in property prices (according to some sources, prices have skyrocketed 40%+ in some Greater Brisbane suburbs). This creates an environment where development tends to proceed with confidence and it comes at a time when the Queensland Building and Construction Industry is already at capacity or near to it. On top of this, is a range of development and infrastructure projects ahead of the 2032 Olympic Games being held in Brisbane.

All these factors create a situation where sub-contractors are likely to be more selective with the works they take on and thus may price works accordingly. This of course creates further upward pressure on overall costs as noted in the chart below and, to some degree, starts the spiral again.



“The combination of factors driving claims inflation is possibly unprecedented in the post-war era.”

Tim Butler, Head of Crawford Contractor Connection.

Current cost of building materials


The Producer Price Indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (shown in the below graph) illustrates the extent to which the cost of materials has risen since 2019. This information tells us:

  • Overall (taking into account the full rage of materials required for construction projects), building material costs are on average around 1.35 times more today than they were back in Q2 of 2019.
  • Timber was the biggest mover overall; it is 1.4 times the cost that it was in Q2 of 2019.
  • The data shows that it takes around three months for the impacts of inflation to flow through and be felt in building cost price increases.
  • Regional areas of Australia were hit harder and faster following catastrophic weather events and covid lockdowns, thanks to greater logistical issues with transporting materials to those areas.


While material costs have risen sharply, indications are that they are now starting to stabilise (but not drop). However, increasing construction across the country means building construction volatility remains a concern.


According to independent global construction and property consultancy Rider Levett Bucknall:

  • Market volatility continues, with supply chain and labour issues impacting pricing and partially offsetting material price stabilisation
  • Tenders received have significant variations in trade pricing, reflecting differences in risk assessment and future work projections
  • Insolvency of major subcontractors and economic concerns is leading to higher pricing across all trades
  • Project durations are extending by approximately 20%, due, in part, to low resource availability and reduced productivity
  • Contract negotiation timelines are increasing as parties struggle to agree on risk allocation and terms
  • Head contractors and sub-contractors face pressure from ongoing legacy projects with significant financial shortfalls
  • Head contractor margins are continuing to rise, especially on projects with longer durations and/or a higher risk profile
  • The above issues are magnified by varying degrees in most regional locations across Australia

**Please note: the above is taken from Rider Levett Bucknall's Q3 2023 Escalation Update published 15 August 2023.

Contractor Connection Builder Survey


Throughout June 2023, Crawford surveyed some of our Contractor Connection Managed Repair Panel for their insight and lived on-ground experience. Below is what they had to say ...

Unsurprisingly, our insurance builder network is experiencing the same cost pressures as the remainder of the building industry.

Unlike builders that deal with multiple new constructions, or have their own internal trade base, insurance builders are feeling the pinch with the rising cost of general overhead expense.

The increased demand within the building industry underpins a flow on increase in demand for qualified staff particularly building Estimators and Supervisors. This has meant that candidates for these roles are in the bargaining seat asking higher salaries thus contributing to a significant increase in the cost of human capital (upwards of 25%); a substantial proportion of the cost of doing business. The increases in staff costs and other key operating expenses such as fuel, combined with the increasing cost of job on-costs such as materials, are all factors causing some insurance builders to question the viability of exclusively working in/for the insurance industry.


Are you currently experiencing any labour shortages?

Indicate if you have experienced an increase or decrease of cost over the past three months from tradespeople

Have you experienced any material availability challenges in the past three months?

Rank the below challenges to your business in order of severity

Are you planning to bring on more apprentices in the coming years?


Do you see bringing on more apprentices as a viable way to combat labour shortages in the coming years?



What Crawford is seeing in the Business Interruption claims space ...


The impact on business interruption claims in Australia (thanks to all the issues described above) has been severe, with some projects blowing out to more than twice original scheduled time lines.

Builders and suppliers have often cited logistics interruptions through the supply chain from off-shore suppliers, following Covid effects. There has also been some profit maximisation from suppliers diverting materials to alternative markets. For example, shortages of timber have seen periods where vital building material has been diverted to the USA, where premium prices can be secured.

While the availability of steel, roofing materials and timber are the most talked about materials in this context, construction projects rely on thousands of components. The non-availability of even less significant components can have radical delay impacts. Every delay in the construction timeframe extends the period of interruption, and therefore increases the overall cost of the claim.

Here at Crawford, we have seen a rise in insureds and advisers seeking to transfer elements of increased building costs to business interruption covers, when material damage cover is inadequate, generating considerable discord when these are rejected.

For tendered projects, the increased uncertainty has been factored into pricing, but for managed cost-plus projects there is greater uncertainty over the material damage cost and the likely timelines.
With many building businesses failing thanks to cost over-runs, there is a genuine concern for insurers to ensure projects are completed. When builders fail, it is very hard to restart projects, with delays running into months or years if the project can be completed at all. Few builders are happy to take on an unfinished project, as there may be unexpected liabilities and regulatory compliance problems.

In turn, these supply difficulties put roadblocks on completion of tasks which may not normally be time critical. It has therefore become critical for loss adjusters, concerned to manage business interruption risk, to regularly review project plans and challenge builders to report on the project of each item. Understanding and being able to query project plans to identify program slippage, not initially on the critical path, are key skills in the loss adjusters repertoire.

There have been significant problems sourcing unskilled labour with dramatic cost pressures. The shortage of unskilled labour has meant that skilled trades have not been able to delegate routine tasks, which has led to further project completion delays. The outward migration of unskilled labour (often backpackers) has certainly started to reverse, but there are still shortages across the building industry.

An increasing burden for builders is the difficulty of fitting insurance projects under the Building Regulatory Framework. The Australian Building Codes are focused on new-build projects, which do not anticipate partial rebuilds after a fire for example. A builder recently described the difficulties this creates; ie almost working the project backward. There are limited builders with the skills to work this way and hence the development of specialist insurance builders. Where builders unfamiliar with these issues seek to do insurance work, there are often delays.

In such a price-hiked environment, it is critical for insurance companies to deploy every capability at their disposal to help manage claims costs effectively, as well as drive down claims resolution timeframes.

Mitigating the risks of claims inflation

Driving efficiencies throughout the claims cycle

At Crawford, we are working with clients across the board to help mitigate the effects of claims inflation and are supporting proactive steps to better manage claims costs. 

A key part of this are our efforts to manage the deployment of adjusters, contractors and supporting services centrally, enabled by technology, to ensure policyholders receive the optimal response in the event of a loss, and that every stage of the claim process is streamlined, with costs minimised.

Deploying the right adjusters, inspectors and contractors at the right times can make a huge difference to customer experience, claim spend and the overall duration of the claim life cycle.

For example, automation is becoming an increasingly important component of our claim segmentation and triage process. AI accelerates the decision-making process and connects adjusters, policyholders and all players involved in a claim, enabling a network-wide response to be coordinated within minutes of an incident developing.

In the current inflationary environment, managing the assignment of contractors centrally through a managed repair network model is becoming an increasingly important means of ensuring resources are deployed quickly and efficiently. Rather than relying on the availabilities and timelines of individual contractors, managed repair networks enable the insurer, or claims management company, to orchestrate claim responses from a pool of professionals that can flex and scale much more effectively to meet demand.

Putting a higher proportion of claims through a network is proven to be more cost efficient, particularly for mid-complexity claims, as well as driving significant expense savings. Using a trusted managed repair network (such as Crawford Contractor Connection) where all contractors are carefully vetted and can be put in direct contact with the policyholder quickly and efficiently can also help significantly reduce call-out costs.

Via a well-run managed repair network, work that might have taken weeks to complete can now sometimes be done in a few days. Errors, revisions and return visits are reduced, while the accuracy of estimates and timeline management is improved.

Managing cost through Crawford Contractor Connection

Contractor Connection is designed to fully optimise resources and managing performance in the claim process. Leveraging technology that captures contractor capacity and real-time performance data, Contractor Connection ensures the right contractors are deployed at the right times, consistent service is ensured, and costs are managed stringently at every stage.

“Contractor Connection has an embedded cost scrutiny service. We call this our Building Validation Service which is used by both our loss adjusters and clients to review the proposed Scope of Works from contractors and ensure only items that need to be repaired or replaced are accepted.

We then work with contractors to ensure that their pricing is right. Our experience shows that 60% of savings actually relate to the Scope of Works, or over servicing, and the remainder are actual price point issues" - ” Tim Butler, Head of Contractor Connection, Australia.


Contractor Connection affords users the benefits of accessing Crawford’s approved vendor panel. Allocations to our panel builders, restorers and suppliers are made based on the Service Rank of the vendor. A key component of this is the Vendors Average Cost performance over the past three months.

Overall, this provides cost reductions in that there is typically a 15% difference between the lowest to the highest ranked vendors. Another item in the ranking system is our Quality Score where, on every claim that our validators review, they score the Scope of Works and Quotation they have been asked to review. This provides additional weight to costing and drives better outcomes across all peril types.

About Crawford & Company


Working with Crawford means staying ahead of claims challenges with innovation that moves you forward and specialised experts at your side, at every stage of the claims journey.

We are known for constantly uncovering new solutions to make handling claims easier and more cost-effective.

For over 80 years, Crawford has been trusted by brokers, insurers and corporations. We are the world’s largest publicly-listed claims management business, operating across 70 countries.

Today, Crawford is the only provider in Australia to offer services across the entire claim lifecycle – from ‘first notification of loss’ through to litigation when necessary, and everything in between:

  • Property Loss Adjusting
  • Specialty Loss Adjusting (complex property; commercial; marine; liability; construction; power & energy; forensic accounting)
  • Catastrophe Response
  • Cyber Incident Response
  • Managed Repair (Contractor Connection)
  • Building Consultancy, Quantity Surveying, Forensic Engineering (CRD Building Consultants & Engineers)
  • Third Party Administration (Crawford TPA)
  • Legal Services (HBA Legal)





How we can help ...


At Crawford, we are committed to restoring lives, businesses and communities impacted by loss around the world.
Given the range of inflationary pressures our clients are experiencing, that commitment extends to working with companies to help them manage claims costs more effectively through the range of expertise, technologies, platforms and networks across our organisation.



Angela Fitzpatrick

Head of Key Account Management

[email protected]

0477 389 023

Tim Butler

Head of Contractor Connection

[email protected]

0427  624 607


Crawford & Company (Australia) Pty Ltd
ABN 11 002 317 133
AFSL 530816
Level 3, 324 St Kilda Road, Southbank VIC 3006 www.crawco.com.au